Reference¶
Scope
Look-up facts for MinIO: editions and where each artifact now comes from, the dated community-edition timeline, security advisories, S3 API and erasure-code limits, defaults and environment variables, built-in policies, STS APIs, metrics, replication scope, and alternatives. For why things work this way, see Explanation. For tasks, see How-to Guides.
Editions and Distribution¶
MinIO, Inc. now ships one actively developed product, AIStor, in three subscription tiers. The AGPLv3 community edition is archived. Tiers were announced on 2025-12-23 (Business Wire, StorageReview).
| Edition | License | Topology | Support | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Community edition (minio/minio) |
GNU AGPLv3 | Any (single node to multi-pool) | None. Repository archived, no maintainer | Free |
| AIStor Free | Proprietary free license (license key) | Single node only (standalone) | Community only | Free |
| AIStor Enterprise Lite | Commercial subscription | Multi-node, for capacity below 400 TiB (moves to Enterprise above that) | Optional direct-to-engineer, reduced SLA | Not published (TBD — quote only) |
| AIStor Enterprise | Commercial subscription | Unlimited scale | 24/7/365, under-4-hour SLA | Not published (TBD — quote only) |
Pricing is quote-only
The pricing page does not list per-TiB prices (checked 2026-09). Third-party figures such as "~$96,000/year" are estimates and are not used here.
Artifact and Repository Status¶
Where each piece of the former open-source stack stands (checked 2026-09-25).
| Artifact | Status | Last version / date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
minio/minio server repo |
Archived (read-only). README says "THIS REPOSITORY IS NO LONGER MAINTAINED" | Last commit 2026-02-12 (README edit). Last tagged community release RELEASE.2025-10-15T17-29-55Z |
README, Go module proxy |
Pre-built server binaries (dl.min.io/server/minio/release/) |
Frozen legacy builds, no updates since the October 2025 source-only switch | — | README "Legacy Binary Releases" |
Docker Hub minio/minio, minio/mc |
Repositories deleted on 2026-09-11. Hub API returns "object not found" (verified 2026-09-25) | — | StableBuild, bex.co |
Quay quay.io/minio/minio |
Historical images reported still pullable. No guarantee they stay | Up to 2025-10 builds | bex.co (not verified directly) |
minio/mc client repo |
Reported archived 2026-07-14. dl.min.io/client/mc/release/ reported to answer 410 Gone |
Last release reported as RELEASE.2025-08-13T08-35-41Z |
Storm Developments (single source) |
minio/operator |
Reported archived 2026-03-20. Helm repo operator.min.io serves the final charts |
v7.1.1 (Chart.yaml on HEAD) | minio/operator, SILO docs |
minio/kes |
Deprecated: "no longer maintained". Paying customers get Enterprise KES or MinKMS (AIStor Key Manager) | — | minio/kes README |
Community docs (minio/docs) |
Pulled from web hosting on 2025-10-10. Source kept for self-build | — | minio/docs README |
| Embedded Console | Admin UI removed from community builds in RELEASE.2025-05-24T17-08-30Z. Only an object browser remains |
Last full console: RELEASE.2025-04-22T22-12-26Z |
Release notes |
Community Helm chart (helm/minio in server repo) |
Frozen | chart 5.4.0, appVersion RELEASE.2024-12-18T13-15-44Z |
helm/minio/Chart.yaml |
Community Edition Timeline¶
Dated events. The reasons and consequences are discussed in Explanation.
| Date | Event | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-10 to 2021-05-11 | Relicensing from Apache 2.0 to GNU AGPLv3, completed with RELEASE.2021-05-11T23-27-41Z |
MinIO blog |
| 2022 | Gateway mode and legacy FS mode removed from the server | Release history (dates not re-verified — TBD) |
| 2025-02-26 | "Simplified console" commit lands in the repository | Blocks and Files |
| 2025-05-24 | RELEASE.2025-05-24T17-08-30Z: admin console and LDAP/OIDC console login removed; object browser only |
Release, Discussion #21316 |
| 2025-10-10 | Community documentation taken offline | minio/docs |
| 2025-10-15 | RELEASE.2025-10-15T17-29-55Z fixes CVE-2025-62506. New Docker Hub/Quay images stop at this point |
GHSA-jjjj-jwhf-8rgr, GIGAZINE |
| 2025-10 (about 10-23) | README announces source-only distribution: no pre-compiled community binaries | README |
| 2025-12-03 | README puts the project in "maintenance mode": no features, PRs not reviewed, security fixes only "as appropriate" | Issue #21714, Vonng |
| 2025-12-23 | AIStor Free and Enterprise Lite tiers announced | Business Wire |
| 2026-02-03 | AIStor Tables (Iceberg V3 REST catalog) reaches GA | Blocks and Files |
| 2026-02-12/13 | README changed to "no longer maintained"; repository archived | Go module proxy (last commit 2026-02-12T20:18Z), ai-minor |
| 2026-04-25 | Repository archived again after a brief unarchive (as reported) | Storm Developments |
| 2026-09-11 | minio/minio and minio/mc repositories deleted from Docker Hub |
StableBuild, Milvus issue #53430 |
Security Advisories of Note¶
| ID | Published | Severity | Summary | Fixed in community? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-62506 / GHSA-jjjj-jwhf-8rgr | 2025-10-16 | High | Service accounts and STS credentials with a restricted session policy could create new service accounts that bypass the inline policy | Yes, RELEASE.2025-10-15T17-29-55Z (source build only; no official image) |
| CVE-2026-39414 / GHSA-h749-fxx7-pwpg | 2026-04-09 | High | S3 Select CSV reader buffers a whole line in memory; a small gzip CSV with no newlines can OOM the server. Needs s3:PutObject + s3:GetObject |
No. All community releases are affected; fixed only in AIStor. Mitigate by blocking POST ?select&select-type=2 at the proxy |
Unpatched community codebase
Advisories published after the archive do not get a community fix. Run an AIStor edition, a maintained fork (see Alternatives), or a vendor that backports patches (for example TuxCare ELS, announcement).
S3 API Limits¶
From the community thresholds page.
| Item | Limit |
|---|---|
| Maximum object size | 50 TiB |
| Maximum size per PUT | 5 TiB single-part, 50 TiB multipart |
| Parts per multipart upload | 10,000 |
| Part size | 5 MiB to 5 GiB (last part 0 B to 5 GiB) |
Objects returned per ListObjects |
1,000 |
| Bucket name length | 63 |
| Object name length | 1,024 (255 per /-separated segment) |
| Versions per object | 10,000 (configurable) |
| Servers per cluster, drives per server | No limit |
Erasure Code Parameters¶
Erasure set size: 2 to 16 drives, chosen automatically from the node and drive count of the first pool. AIStor RELEASE.2026-02-02T23-40-11Z and later allow up to 32 drives with MINIO_ERASURE_SET_DRIVE_COUNT (AIStor docs).
Default STANDARD parity by erasure set size (storage-class settings):
| Erasure set size | Default parity |
|---|---|
| 1 | EC:0 |
| 2-3 | EC:1 |
| 4-5 | EC:2 |
| 6-7 | EC:3 |
| 8-16 | EC:4 |
Parity range is EC:0 to EC:N/2. AIStor docs require EC:3 or higher in production. A parity change applies only to newly written objects.
Outcome on one 16-drive erasure set of 1 TB drives (erasure coding docs):
| Parity | Data shards (K) | Usable capacity | Storage ratio | Drives needed to read | Drives needed to write | Drive losses tolerated (read) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EC:2 | 14 | 14 TiB | 0.875 | 14 | 14 | 2 |
| EC:4 (default) | 12 | 12 TiB | 0.750 | 12 | 12 | 4 |
| EC:6 | 10 | 10 TiB | 0.625 | 10 | 10 | 6 |
| EC:8 (maximum) | 8 | 8 TiB | 0.500 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
Quorum rules: read quorum = K. Write quorum = K, except when parity is exactly half the set (M = N/2), where it is K+1. The EC:2 row is computed from these rules; the other rows are from the docs table.
Defaults, Ports, and Environment Variables¶
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| S3 API port | 9000 |
| Console / object browser port | Random unless --console-address ":9001" is set |
| Default root credentials | minioadmin / minioadmin (change before exposing) |
| Root credential variables | MINIO_ROOT_USER, MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD |
| Parity | MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_STANDARD=EC:N, MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_RRS=EC:N (objects choose via x-amz-storage-class) |
| TLS directory | ~/.minio/certs (public.crt, private.key, trusted CAs in CAs/), override with --certs-dir |
| Encrypted TLS key password | MINIO_CERT_PASSWD |
| KES connection | MINIO_KMS_KES_ENDPOINT, MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_FILE, MINIO_KMS_KES_CERT_FILE, MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_NAME |
| Build requirement (community source) | Go 1.24 or later (go.mod: go 1.24.0) |
| Recommended drives | Local NVMe/SSD, XFS, JBOD, no RAID or controller caching |
Built-in Policies¶
From the community PBAC docs.
| Policy | Grants |
|---|---|
consoleAdmin |
s3:* and admin:* on all resources |
readonly |
s3:GetBucketLocation, s3:GetObject (no listing, by design) |
readwrite |
All s3:* actions on all resources |
diagnostics |
admin:ServerTrace, admin:Profiling, admin:ConsoleLog, admin:ServerInfo, admin:TopLocksInfo, admin:OBDInfo, admin:BandwidthMonitor, admin:Prometheus |
writeonly |
s3:PutObject (no listing) |
There is no built-in policy named admin; use consoleAdmin.
STS APIs¶
| API | Identity source | Notes |
|---|---|---|
AssumeRole |
MinIO internal users | Temporary credentials for an existing access key |
AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity |
OpenID Connect provider (Keycloak, Dex, Okta, Entra ID) | Maps a JWT claim (default policy) to policies |
AssumeRoleWithLDAPIdentity |
Active Directory / LDAP | Maps LDAP user or group DNs to policies |
AssumeRoleWithCertificate |
X.509 client certificate (mTLS) | Policy named after the certificate subject CN |
AssumeRoleWithCustomToken |
MinIO Identity Plugin | External authorization service validates a custom token |
AssumeRoleWithClientGrants |
OAuth2 client credentials | Legacy; no longer listed in current STS docs |
Metrics¶
Prometheus v2 endpoints need a bearer token (mc admin prometheus generate ALIAS [cluster|node|bucket|resource]). Paths: /minio/v2/metrics/cluster, /minio/v2/metrics/node, /minio/v2/metrics/bucket, /minio/v2/metrics/resource (metrics docs).
| Metric | Meaning |
|---|---|
minio_cluster_health_status |
1 when the cluster is healthy |
minio_cluster_health_erasure_set_status |
Health per erasure set |
minio_cluster_nodes_offline_total |
Offline nodes |
minio_cluster_drive_offline_total / minio_cluster_drive_online_total |
Drive availability |
minio_cluster_capacity_usable_free_bytes |
Usable free capacity after parity |
minio_node_drive_used_bytes / minio_node_drive_free_bytes |
Per-drive usage |
minio_s3_requests_total, minio_s3_requests_errors_total, minio_s3_requests_5xx_errors_total |
Request and error rates |
minio_heal_objects_errors_total |
Healing failures |
minio_inter_node_traffic_sent_bytes |
Internode traffic |
Site Replication Scope¶
From the site replication README.
| Replicated | Not replicated |
|---|---|
| Bucket and object creation and deletion | Bucket notification configuration |
| IAM users, groups, policies and mappings; STS credentials; service accounts (except root-owned) | Bucket lifecycle (ILM) configuration |
| Bucket policies, tags, object-lock config, encryption config | |
| Versioning (enabled automatically on all buckets) |
Prerequisites: only one site may hold data when replication is set up, all sites must use the same external IdP, and SSE-S3/SSE-KMS sites need a shared KMS.
Hardening Checklist¶
- Replace
minioadminroot credentials; use root only for break-glass. - Serve TLS on the S3 and console ports (
~/.minio/certs), and mTLS between MinIO and KES. - Use OIDC or LDAP with STS credentials instead of long-lived access keys.
- Grant least-privilege policies; avoid
consoleAdminandreadwritefor applications. - Block anonymous access unless a bucket is intentionally public (
mc anonymous set none). - Enable SSE-KMS (or SSE-S3 with a real KMS) and keep keys outside the cluster.
- Send audit logs to
audit_webhookoraudit_kafkatargets. - Keep parity at
EC:3or higher and alert onminio_cluster_health_erasure_set_status. - Track advisories: the archived community edition gets no fixes (see Security Advisories).
AIStor Features Beyond the Community Edition¶
| Feature | Detail | Verification |
|---|---|---|
| Full admin console | User, policy, and configuration management in the browser | Confirmed (removed from community in 2025-05) |
| AIStor Tables | Iceberg V3 REST Catalog API inside the object store, with views and multi-table transactions; GA 2026-02-03 | Blocks and Files, HPCwire |
| Erasure sets up to 32 drives | MINIO_ERASURE_SET_DRIVE_COUNT, RELEASE.2026-02-02T23-40-11Z+ |
AIStor docs |
| MinKMS (AIStor Key Manager) | Replaces the deprecated open-source KES | minio/kes README |
| Multi-NIC internode networking, direct-write GetObject, coalesced lock refresh, Go eBPF loader | Performance items from AIStor release notes | Unverified (release notes host blocked, 2026-09) — TBD |
Recent AIStor release tags include RELEASE.2026-02-02T23-40-11Z, RELEASE.2026-05-28T20-50-32Z and RELEASE.2026-08-07T18-34-35Z (release-notes files on dl.min.io, seen 2026-09). Newer releases may exist.
Alternatives and Forks¶
| Project | Relationship | License | Status (2026-09) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PGSTY Silo (formerly pgsty/minio) |
Fork of MinIO server | AGPLv3 | Active. Latest server RELEASE.2026-09-03T13-18-01Z; renamed from pgsty/minio on 2026-08-06 |
Restores the full console, rebuilds binaries, RPM/DEB and multi-arch images (pgsty/silo), backports CVE fixes, ships mcli |
| OpenMaxIO object browser | Fork of the pre-removal console UI | AGPLv3 | Reported dormant soon after the 2025 fork | UI only; still needs a MinIO server |
| RustFS | Independent Rust rewrite, S3-compatible, MinIO-like design | Apache 2.0 | 1.0.0 image published 2026-09-16 | Has a web console, bitrot protection, OIDC |
| SeaweedFS | Independent (volume + filer design) | Apache 2.0 | Active | S3 gateway on top of its filer |
| Garage | Independent, geo-distributed, small-footprint | AGPLv3 | Active (v2.4.x images) | Replication, not erasure coding |
| Ceph RGW | Independent (RADOS-backed S3/Swift) | LGPL | Active | Heavier to operate; also gives block and file |
Performance Figures (Unsourced)¶
Unsourced performance data
These numbers were estimated from vendor material, community benchmarks, and judgement. They are not controlled benchmarks: hardware, versions, and methods were not recorded. Use them as rough guidance only and run MinIO warp against your own hardware for planning.
| Configuration | PUT (obj/s) | GET (obj/s) | Throughput |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 nodes, HDD | 500-1,000 | 1,000-2,000 | 1-2 GB/s |
| 4 nodes, SSD | 2,000-5,000 | 5,000-10,000 | 5-10 GB/s |
| 16 nodes, NVMe | 10,000-30,000 | 30,000-80,000 | 30-80 GB/s |
| Parity (16-drive set) | Storage efficiency (verified) | Write penalty (estimate) |
|---|---|---|
| EC:2 | 87.5% | +15% |
| EC:4 (default) | 75% | +30% |
| EC:8 | 50% | +60% |
| Nodes | CPU/node | Memory/node | Network |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 (minimum) | 4 vCPU | 8 GiB | 10 Gbps |
| 8 (production) | 8 vCPU | 16 GiB | 25 Gbps |
| 16 (large) | 16 vCPU | 32 GiB | 25-100 Gbps |
The earlier "32 server pools" and "1,000+ buckets per server" limits could not be found in MinIO documentation and were removed; the docs list no limit on servers or drives.
Sources¶
- minio/minio README (source-only distribution, no-longer-maintained notice)
- minio/docs source (thresholds, erasure coding, storage class, PBAC, STS)
- AIStor erasure coding docs
- MinIO introduces AIStor Free and Enterprise Lite tiers
- GitHub Advisory Database: GHSA-jjjj-jwhf-8rgr, GHSA-h749-fxx7-pwpg
- StableBuild: MinIO images disappeared from Docker Hub
- PGSTY Silo and release notes